Pump



M. W. DlTTO Sept. 24, 1940.

PUMP

Filed Sept. 17, 1938 4 Sheets-Sheet l Sept. 24, 1940.

M. w. DITTO 2,215,827

PUMP

4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Sept. 17, 1958 M. W. DITTO Sept. 24, 1940.

PUMP

Filed Sept. 17. 1938 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 M. W. DITTQ Sept. 24, 1940.

PUMP

Filed Sept. 17. 1938 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 M. w; 17 z z iii Patented Sept.24, 1940 PATENT OFFICE Marvin W. has, New

Emulsions Process Corporation,

of Delaware York, N. Y., asslgnor to a corporation Application September17, 1938, Serial No. 230,480

6 Claims.

The present application is a continuation-inpart of my applicationSerial No. 197,910 filed March 24, 1938.

This invention relates to improvements in pumps and more particularly toproportioning or metering pumps.

The primary purpose of the invention is to provide a high pressure pumpwhich will give a steady, non-pulsating movement to the pumped fluids,such as oil and/or water.

A further object is to supply a pump of smaller size than other pumpsnow on the market for similar purposes but adapted to deliver likevolumes under substantially the same pressures as the larger pumps.

A further object is to furnish a high pressure proportioning pump, themoving parts of which will produce less wear and the elements of whichwill make repairs easy.

Another object is to supply a pump having two sets of plungers andadjustable means for varying the amount of liquid pumped by either setof plungers.

With the foregoing objects outlined and with other objects in view whichwill appear as the description proceeds, the invention consists in thenovel features hereinafter described in detail, illustrated in theaccompanying drawings and more particularly pointed out in the appendedclaims.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view partly in elevation ofapproximately one-half the pump.

Fig. 1A is a similar view of the other half.

Figs. 2 and 3 are transverse sectional views taken respectively on thelines 2--2 and 3-3 of Fig. 1A.

Fig. 4 is a transverse vertical sectional view taken on the line 4-4 ofFig. 1A.

Referring to the drawings, 5 designates a tubular medial casing havingend closure plates 6 and i secured in position by screws 8 (Fig. 2)Bolts 9 project from the end plates through spacing sleeves l0 andthrough collars II, the latter being integral with cylinder blocks l2and i3. The sleeves l0 serve to space the plates 6 and I respectivelyfrom the blocks l2 and I3, and nuts I4 and washers ii are mounted on thebolts to secure the parts together.

The outer ends of the cylinder blocks are secured by screws l6 (Fig. 3)to cylinder heads I! and IB, and each head is provided with radial ports19. Each of these ports contains a tubular cage 20 that is removablysecured in place by a plug 2| having threaded engagement with thecylinder head. An intake manifold passageway 22 is provided in eachcylinder head, and by means of ports 23, the passageway communicateswith the interior of the cages 20. A valve seat 24 is associated witheach of the ports 23 and 5 cooperates with a valve head 25. The valveheads have stems 26 that are guided by sleeves 2! arranged in the cages,and each valve head is yleldingly urged toward its seat by a coil spring28.

Each cylinder head also has an outlet or disin charge passageway 29 thatcommunicates with the interior of the cages by means of ports 30.

Each cage is provided with a valve seat 3| that cooperates with anoutlet valve head 32, the latter being arranged to reciprocate radiallyof the 1d cylinder head and being yieldingly urged toward its seat by acoil spring 33 which bears against the plug 2|.

Each cylinder block is provided with a set of bores 34 which communicatewith the interior w of the valve cages by means of ports 35 and 3%provided respectively in the valve cages and in the cylinder heads. A.spider 31 forming part of each cage extends across the port 35 thereofin order to guide the stem of the intake valve.

Sets of plungers or pistons 38 and 39 are arranged for reciprocation inthe bores of the blocks l2 and i3, and each plunger is provided at itsouter end portion with a cam shaped peripheral recess 40 for a purposehereinafter described. 30

Packing rings 4| surround each plunger and are held in place by athreaded gland 42 that is screwed into the cylinder block.

The means for reciprocating the plungers consist of a rotatable mainshaft 43 that may be M driven by any suitable prime mover. The shaft isjournalled in combined radial and thrust beam ings 44, 45 and 46arranged respectively in the cylinder head 18 and closure plates I and6. The shaft extends through the center of the cylinder block I3 and isarranged parallel to the plungers.

An annular cam 41 is fixed to the inner end portion of the shaft and isarranged to rotate in the casing 5. The cam acts on rollers 48, jour- 45nalled on pins 49 which serve to secure guide and connecting elements 50to the inner ends of each pair of plungers, formed by aligned plungersof the two sets 30 and 39. Dowel pins 5i also connect the plungers tothe guide elements 50 and 50 act to reinforce the joint formed by thepins 49.

It will be obvious from the foregoing that the turning of the cam 41will cause the plungers to reciprocate in the bores of the cylinderblocks so that liquid will be drawn into the cylinder through the ports23 and past the valves 25 and will be ejected through the valve seats 3|and past the valves 32.

For purposes of inspection, repairor replacement and for guiding theconnecting elements 50, it will be noted especially from Fig. 4 that themedial casing 5 is provided with a radially disposed series of ports 52corresponding in number to the number of elements and that each port isclosed by a removable cover 53 having a V- shaped inner surface 56cooperating with a complementary surface on each of the elements 50. Itwill be clear from Figs. 1, 1A and 4 that when a cover plate is removed,the guide element 50 which is associated with the same may be readilyreached for removal, as well as the rollers 48 and pins 49 which areassociated with that particular plate.

For proportioning purposes the plungers 38 and 39 are not only mountedfor reciprocation but also for rotary movement. To permit this, eachplunger is made in two sections and 56 (Fig. l) which are joinedtogether by a swivel connection 51 that permits rotation of the section55 about its axis. The swivel Joint preferably includes an anti-frictionbearing 53 that is positioned between shoulders 59 and arrangedrespectively on the sections 55 and 56. The anti-friction bearing isheld in position and the sections are held together by half collars 6i,secured to one another by bolts 62. A small gear 63 is fixed to eachpiston 38, and these gears mesh with a larger gear 66 which ispositioned between them and fixed to a manually operated shaft 65,journalled in a sleeve 66 of the cylinder block l2, and a bearing 61formed in the closure plate 6. The shaft is co-axial with the main shaft#33 and is provided at its outer end with a hand wheel 68. When the handwheel is turned, the gear M turns the gears 63 as well as the sections55 of the pistons 38. This results in rotary adjustment of the recesses40 relatively to by-pass passageways 59 that place the bores of thecylinder block I2 in communication with the intake conduit 22. With sucha construction, if the regulating wheel 68 is turned to rotate theplungers more than ninety degrees from the base lines 40a of therecesses 40, the by-pass passageways 69 will be closed and the cylinderswill always discharge during the full travel of the stroke of theplungers. However, if the plungers are rotated to a position where therecesses communicate with the by-passes; during the discharge stroke,the passageways 69 will remain open a period of time equal to the timerequired for the plunger to travel the distance from its outer end tothe inclined edge 40b of its recess, and consequently the plungers willnot pump the full amount during each discharge stroke. Therefore, bysetting the relative position of the pistons, any proportion of water,oil or other liquid can be obtained from one set of plungers withrespect to the other. By way of further explanation, it will be observedthat the plungers 39 are also provided with gears 63a that mesh with alarger gear 64a which surrounds the main shaft 03 and is fixed on arotatable sleeve 64b carried by and projecting from the cylinder blockl3. Here also each of the recesses 40 of the plungers 39 cooperates witha by-pass passageway 69a that leads from the bore portion of the blockl3 to the intake conduit 22 of the cylinder head l8.

The gear 64a is rigidly united with a sprocket wheel 10 which is turnedby means of a sprocket chain H, the latter being actuated by a sprocketwheel I2, that is rotatably mounted on a shaft 13 journalled in a sleeve14, that is supported by the closure plates 6 and I. The end of theshaft 13 opposite that where the sprocket wheel 12 is located, isprovided with a second sprocket wheel 15, also rotatably mounted on theshaft 13. Both sprocket wheels, however, may be locked or fixed to theshaft by providing one end of the shaft with a nut 16 and at itsopposite end with a threaded hand wheel ll. When the hand wheel isunscrewed slightly, either sprocket wheel may be turned relatively tothe shaft, and as will hereinafter be explained, this will permit theplungers 38 to be rotatably adjusted relatively to the plungers 39 orvice versa, so that the recesses 40 of one set of plungers may bepositioned differently fromthe recesses of the other set of plungers. Ofcourse, when the wheel 11 is tightened, the sprocket wheels 12 and 15will be locked to the shaft 13 and then if the sprocket wheel i5 isturned, it will cause turning of the plungers 33. The sprocket wheel 15is actuated by a sprocket chain 78 driven by a sprocket wheel 19 that isrigidly united with the gear 64. Manifestly, if the wheel 68 is turnedand the hand wheel H has been tightened, all of the plungers will berotated in unison for simultaneous adjustment to take care of theproportioning desired. Depending upon the positions of the recesses 60,the amount of liquid displaced during the stroke of the pump isregulated, that is, if the recesses are disposed to by-pass the liquidfor 50% of the stroke, then displacement of the piston in that positionis only 50% of the volume. Of course, the relative proportions ofliquids displaced at the opposite ends of the pump can be regulated inthe manner heretofore described. The construction is such as to permit adifference in the proportioning of two liquids (handled by opposite endsof the pump) from 0 to 50%.

In operation, if water is admitted to one set of cylinders at one end ofthe pump and oil into the other set at the opposite end, and thediameter of the cylinders and the length of the plungers are equal inboth instances, the pump would discharge 50% water and 50% oil. Suchproportioning can be changed by'varying the diameter of either set ofpistons and cylinders relatively to the other so as to obtain anydesired ratio. However, I prefer to vary the proportions by thepiston-adjusting means illustrated in the drawings and described above.Of course, total output of the pump can be controlled by varying thespeed of the shaft 43.

Primarily, this design of pump is useful and necessary where it isessential that accurate proportions of different kinds of oil, oil andwater or other liquids must be measured, and where it is impractical toregulate such mixtures by the adjustment of valves. The pump acts as ametering device as there is positive displacement accurately measured bythe speed with which the cam 41 is rotated. The pump illustratedoperates satisfactorily to produce 3000 pounds pressure per square inch,and translates a high motor speed (without the use of gears) intoreciprocal motion through the cross head guide elements 50 and rollers48, with a minimum of vibration or shock. The design of this pump isunique because of the fact that reciprocal motion of positivedisplacement pistons is obtained without the use of wobble plates, gearsor like mechanical means. It is very eflicient because the rotary motionis translated into reciprocal motion by a cam having a progressivelyinclined plane in constant contact with the rollers at both faces of thecam. Due to this construction, it is unnecessary to have special meansof applying power as anything that will rotate shaft 43 will result inpumping action on the reciprocating pistons. By thi means, with constantinclined plane developed on an annular surface, there is progressiveapplication of power without shock.

The pump has tremendous capacity at high pressures in a confined spacedue to the translation of rotary motion into reciprocal motion, shortstroke and the ability to absorbe both thrust and radial loads in thecentral casing 5 carried on the anti-friction bearings 45 and 46. Ascompared to other pump equipment for similar purposes, there is completeelimination of gears, yokes, etc., in giving variable strokes, etc. Withsuitable materials used for construction, extremely high pressures canbe produced without pulsation, and the equipment is so designed that itis easy to maintain in repair.

In a pump according to my invention, as there is a progressive motion ofthe operating cam around its axis, there are four cylinders on each sidethat are on the suction cycle and four discharging on the pressure sideat each end of the pump, and as there are sufficient cylinders aroundthe axis at each end of the pump, pulsation is eliminated in theoverlapping of the dis charge strokes.

Instead of operating the wheel 68 manually, it will be obvious that suchwheel might be actuated automatically by any suitable means in order tochange the proportions of the liquids pumped. Of course, the apparatusneed not be used for proportioning purposes, and it may be employed as astraight pump as it is particularly adapted for procuring very highhydraulic pressures, and can therefore be used as a means for varyingthe amount of load carried by hydraulic pressure.

The face of the operating cam and its cooperating roller in eachinstance are developed at the proper angle so that the maximum andminimum radii of the rollers travel at the same rate of speed along thespace of the line contact between rollers and the cam thereby reducingfriction and wear.

Instead of operating the units at the opposite ends of the pump in anopposed piston manner, it is manifest that such units may be drivenseparately by a separate motor. I prefer, however, to build the pump asof opposed piston type, as such construction is cheaper and does notrequire such heavy thrust bearings as separate units.

From the foregoing it will be appreciated that the units may beseparately built and powered and such a construction makes a veryflexible pump as the proportions may be varied by the speed of theindividual motors, whereas in the opposed piston type the output of oneunit must be varied by some device'such as illustrated, as both unitsare driven at the same speed by a common shaft.

1 wish it distinctly understood that my improved pump as described andillustrated is in forms which I desire to construct and that changes andvariations may be made as may be convenient or desirable withoutdeparting from the salient features thereof, and I therefore intend thefollowing claims to cover such modiflcations as naturally fall withinthe lines of the invention.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A proportioning pump comprising casing means provided with aplurality of series of bores, valve-controlled intake and dischargepassageways communicating with one series of bores, othervalve-controlled intake and discharge passageways communicating with theother series of bores, each intake passageway and discharge passagewaybeing common to the series of bores with which they communicate, a firstset of plungers having rotatable portions arranged to rotate andreciprocate in one series of bores, a second set of plungers havingrotatable portions arranged to reciprocate and rotate in the otherseries of bores, each plunger having a peripheral recess communicatingwith the bore in which the plunger reciprocates, a, by-pass connectingeach bore with the intake passageway with which it is associated andadapted when the plunger in that bore is in a certain position to passfluid from the bore to the intake passageway, means for reciprocatingthe plungers, and selective means connecting the rotatable portions ofone set of plungers to the rotatable portions of the other set ofplungers whereby the rotatable portions of one set of plungers may beturned in unison with the rotatable portions of the plungers of theother set, or the rotatable portions of the plungers of either set maybe turned relatively to the rotatable portions of the other set.

2. A proportioning pump comprising casing means provided with oppositelydisposed series of bores, valve-controlled intake and dischargepassageways communicating with one series of bores, othervalve-controlled intake and discharge passageways communicating with theother series of bores, each intake passageway and discharge passagewaybeing common to the series of bores with which they communicate, a firstset of plungers having rotatable portions arranged to rotate andreciprocate in one series of bores, a second set of plungers havingrotatable portions arranged to reciprocate and rotate in the otherseries of bores, each plunger having a peripheral recess communicatingwith the bore in which the plunger reciprocates, a by-pass connectingeach bore with the intake passageway with which it is associated andadapted when the plunger in that bore is in a certain position to passfluid from the bore to the intake passageway, means for reciprocatingthe plungers, com mon means for turning the rotatable portions of theplungers about their axes, and means operatively connected with thelast-mentioned means to turn the rotatable portions of one set ofplungers relatively to the other set of plungers to vary the volume offluid pumped by one set of plungers relatively to that pumped by theother set of plungers.

3. A proportioning pump comprising casing means provided with oppositelydisposed series of bores, valve-controlled intake and dischargepassageways communicating with one series of bores, othervalve-controlled intake and discharge passageways communicating with theother series of bores, each intake passageway and discharge passagewaybeing common to the series of bores with which they communicate, a firstset of plungers having rotatable portions arranged to rotate andreciprocate in one series of bores, a second set of plungers havingrotatable portions arranged to reciprocate and rotate in the otherseries of bores, each plunger having a peripheral recess communicatingwith the bore in which the plunger reciprocatesya by-pass connectingeach bore with the intake passageway with which it is associated andadapted when the plunger in that bore is in a certain position to passfluid from the bore to the intake passageway, means for reciprocatingthe plungers, first gears fixed to the rotatable portions of each set ofplungers, second gears meshing with the first gears, and meansoperatively connecting said second gears whereby the rotatable portionsof both sets of plungers may be turned in unison or the rotatableportions or the plungers of one set may be turned relatively to theother set of plungers.

4. A proportioning pump comprising casing means provided with oppositelydisposed series of bores, valve-controlled intake and dischargepassageways communicating with one series oi! bores, othervalve-controlled intake and discharge passageways communicating with theother series 01' bores, each intake passageway and discharge passagewaybeing common to the series of bores with which they communicate, a firstset of plungers having rotatable portions arranged to rotate andreciprocate in one series of bores, a second set of plungers havingrotatable portions arranged to reciprocate and rotate in the otherseries of bores, each plunger having a peripheral recess communicatingwith the bore in which the plunger reciprocates, a by-pass connectingeach bore with the intake passageway with which it is associated andadapted when the plunger in that bore is in a certain position to passfluid from the bore to the intake passageway, means for reciprocatingthe plungers, first gears fixed to the plungers of each set, secondgears meshing with the first gears, common means connecting said secondgears whereby the turning of one of the second gears will causesimultaneous rotation of the rotatable portions of all of the plungers,and means operatively connected with the last-mentioned means to turnthe rotatable portions of one set of plungers relatively to the otherset of plungers to vary the volume of fiuid pumped by one set ofplungers relatively to that pumped by the other set of plungers.

5. A proportioning pump comprising casing means provided with oppositelydisposed series of bores, valve-controlled intake and dischargepassageways communicating with one series of bores, othervalve-controlled intake and discharge passageways communicating with theother series of bores, each intake passageway and discharge passagewaybeing common to the series of bores with which they communicate, a firstset of plungers having rotatable portions arranged to rotate andreciprocate in one series of bores, a second set oi plungers havingrotatable portions arranged to reciprocate and rotate in the otherseries of bores, each plunger having a peripheral recess communicatingwith the bore 5 in which the plunger reciprocates, a by-pass connectingeach bore with the intake passageway with which it is associated andadapted when the plunger in that bore is in a certain position to passfluid from the bore to the intake passageway, means forrcciprocating theplungers, manually controlled common means for turning the rotatableportions of the plungers about their axes, and manually controlled meansoperatively connected with the last-mentioned means to turn therotatable portions of one set of plungers relatively to the other set ofplungers to vary the volume of fluid pumped by one set or plungersrelatively to that pumped by the other set of plungers.

6. A proportioning pump comprising casing means provided with oppositelydisposed series of pores, valve-controlled intake and dischargepassageways communicating with one series of bores, othervalve-controlled intake and dis- 2 charge passageways communicating withthe other series of bores, each intake passageway and dischargepassageway being common to the series of bores with which theycommunicate, a first set of plungers having rotatable portions 3arranged to rotate and reciprocate in one series of bores, a second setof plungers having rotatable portions arranged to reciprocate and rotatein the other series of bores, each plunger having a peripheral recesscommunicating with the bore in which the plunger reciprocates, a by-passconnecting each bore with the intake passageway with which it isassociated and adapted when the plunger in that bore is in a certainposition to pass fluid from the bore to the intake passageway, a seriesof cross heads, each cross head having one or its ends connected to aplunger of one set and its opposite end connected to a plunger of theother set, means operatively connected to said cross heads forreciprocating the plungers, and selective means connecting the rotatableportions of one set of plungers to the rotatable portions of the otherset of'plungers whereby the rotatable portions of either set of plungersmay be turned in unison with the rotatable portions of the plungers ofthe other set, or the rotatable portions of the plungers of either setmay be turned relatively to the rotatable portions of the other set. I

MARVIN W. DITTO.

